1. Identify a species group (may be a mix of taxa) according to an ecological
function of interest such as:
● pollinators
● predators
● fungi
● ecosystem engineers
● in situ bioremediation
● water or air biofiltration
2. Select from the example choices below or determine your own local measure of
this function.
3. Measure this function across at least 5 representative locations across the city.
Example 1:
Pollination services can be
estimated by counting the
visitation rate of flowers in each
location over a fixed set of time
(Fijen and Kleijin, 2017,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.20
17.01.004), or the rate of
pollinated fruit/seed set in each
location.
Example 2:
Mosquito predation services can be estimated
by placing artificial oviposition habitats for
mosquitos in each location and then removing
and counting daily egg clutches in the habitat
(Reiskind and Wund, 2009, doi:
10.1603/033.046.0510)

A custom option can be determined, as appropriate.